Theatre, Cinema, and Television in the Golden Age of Iran
Iranian cinema before the Islamic Revolution was a fruitful and diverse period that began with the reign of Mozaffar al-Din Shah and the introduction of the cinematograph in 1900. This cinema was divided into two major popular movements (the people of the alleys and bazaars) and the artistic and intellectual movement (the New Wave). The introduction and creation of the first movie camera (the cinematograph) during the reign of Mozaffar al-Din Shah, in 1900, marks the beginning of the history of Iranian cinema. The public screening of films began in 1904 by Mirza Ebrahim Sahafbashi in Tehran. The first Iranian silent film, "Abi and Rabi," was made in 1920, directed by Evans Oganian, and the first Iranian talkie film, "Dukhtar Lor," was produced in 1934, by Abdolhossein Spanta and Artash Patmasian in Mumbai. The era of Iranian film (popular cinema) began in the 1950s, especially after the success of the film "Ganj Qaroun" (1965), and a trend emerged in Iranian cinema that critic Houshang Kavousi called "Persian film." While he himself was not capable of making films in the same style and had not benefited from it. Perhaps jealousy and inability to attract an audience in the cinema made him give Iranian cinema a meaningless name. This cinema was attractive and popular. It introduced cinema to people who were not yet familiar with cinema. It was very good. Features: Simple storytelling was digestible for workers and illiterate or uneducated people, hero-making, dancing and singing, and spreading joy and fun, cause-and-effect relationships, ordinary with joyful loves, adventure stories, etc. These works were often modeled after the commercial cinema of India and Hollywood, and were able to eliminate their competitors from the field, and people turned to domestic cinema. They had a large audience in society. The New Wave of Iranian Cinema In the late 1960s, the beginning of filmmaking suitable for the cultural elite and students emerged, called the New Wave, with a realistic, artistic approach. Pioneering works: films such as "Brick and Mirror" (Ebrahim Golestan) and "Cow" (Dariush Mehrjui) were among the founders of this movement. Qaiser: The film "Qaiser" can be considered an exception among the crowd. A film that was also one of the pioneers of the New Wave of Iranian cinema. This work, directed by Masoud Kimiai in 1969, gave Iranian cinema a new identity. Other works of this movement included "Reza Motori", "Gozanha", "Ragbar", and "Daireh Mina", which dealt with social anomalies and concerns. International appearances and festivals Before 1979, Iranian cinema was destroyed and a religious and state cinema was created, which produced religious and one-sided works, and women played a minor role in cinema, and cinema declined in popularity, and cinema did not have the same grandeur and appeal as before for young people.
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